What bones, muscles and tendons make up the foot?
The foot consists of numerous bones, if we named proximal to distal, the bones that articulate with the ankle are the tarsal bones, then are metatarsal bones, there are five and are called first, second, third, fourth, fifth, that articulate with the phalanges, each finger has 3 phalanges, except the first finger only have two. The first is called phalanges (which articulate with the metatarsal), the second and the third (most distal).
The foot bones are interconnected to form the plantar curvature as the foot rests on the floor in the front by the metatarsal heads and in the back of the foot rests with the calcaneus. The plantar arch is maintained by muscle and tendon structures that give this characteristic form:
There are many muscles that have their origin in the leg and inserted in the foot and are responsible for flexion and extension of the fingers, toes and eversion (turning the sole of the foot out) and investment (turn the sole of the foot inward).
Sprains and dislocations in the foot
What produces the sprain or dislocation and how is it produced?
If there is a strong trauma on the foot by a forced movement of the foot, might be a dislocation of tarso-metatarsal in which a bone of the tarsus lost relationship to articulate with the metatarsal. Sometimes these dislocations have associated fracture of affected bones.
Dislocations can be complete or incomplete and it is this case cortex if the metatarsals are displaced in the same sense and divergent if there is a medial luxation of a metatarsal and the other side.
When we suspect a dislocated finger?
The clinic that makes us suspects is the presence of pain, with deformity of the foot and inability to walk.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is radiologically, though by the exploration we can suspect the existence of a dislocation. With x-ray we can discover the existence of fractures associated with dislocation.
Treatment
The treatment of the reduction of the dislocation and restore joint surfaces to their normal position in the joint.
You can require surgery and if the lesion is unstable after it can be accurate use of fixation with needles.
Complications
If the reduction is unsuccessful or if freezes insufficiently may appear a painful post-traumatic arthritis in the joint.
When should I see a doctor? Which doctor can treat me?
We must go to the orthopedist when displayed an inability to walk after trauma or forced movement in the foot, with pain and deformity of the foot shape.
Dislocations in toes
Dislocations of the toes of the foot are the result of trauma to the foot, the clinic that present is pain and functional impotence. Diagnosis is by physical examination and imaging tests such as x-ray.
Required for treatment initially reduced the dislocation, and then a joint immobilization bandage binding to the adjacent finger which will make splint.